Mapolanka a potoloho ke mokokotlo oa sesebelisoa leha e le sefe sa elektronike, se tšehetsang ho phalla ha matšoao le matla. Leha ho le joalo,ha ho tluoa mekhoeng e rarahaneng e kang liboto tse 12 tse sebelisoang phetisong ea matšoao a bobebe le lits'ebetso tse phahameng haholo, botsitso ba phepelo ea motlakase le litaba tsa lerata li ka ba mathata. Ka poso ena ea blog, re tla hlahloba tharollo e sebetsang ea ho rarolla mathata ana le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng.
Botsitso ba phepelo ea motlakase bo bohlokoa lipotolohong tsa elektroniki, kaha ho feto-fetoha ha maemo kapa litšitiso li ka baka ho se sebetse hantle kapa esita le tšenyo e sa feleng.Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lerata le ka kena-kenana le phetiso ea matšoao, la baka liphoso le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea sistimi ka kakaretso. Ka ho latela litataiso tsena, u ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ts'epahalo ha u sebelisa liboto tsa potoloho tse 12 lits'ebetsong tse bobebe.
1. Rera kabo ea motlakase ka botlalo:Kabo e nepahetseng ea matla e bohlokoa ho rarolla mathata a botsitso le lerata. Qala ka ho hlahloba ka hloko litlhoko tsa matla a potoloho le ho theha leano le nahanang la ho aba. Hlalosa libaka tse matla tsa matla 'me u netefatse hore li na le lifofane tsa motlakase tse inehetseng kapa li-network tsa motlakase tse abuoang. Ho itšehla thajana ho thusa ho thibela lerata le tsoang karolong e 'ngoe ho kena-kenana le e' ngoe, kahoo ho fokotsa monyetla oa bobolu ba matšoao.
2. Ntlafatsa li-decoupling capacitor:Li-decoupling capacitor li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsitsisa phepelo ea motlakase le ho fokotsa lerata. Li-capacitor tsena li boloka matla a motlakase le ho li lokolla nakong ea litlhoko tsa hona joale tsa tšohanyetso, ho netefatsa maemo a tsitsitseng a motlakase. Ho ntlafatsa li-decoupling, ka leano beha li-capacitor haufi le matla le lithapo tsa fatše tsa likarolo tse hlokolosi. Motsoako oa li-capacitor tsa boleng bo tlaase le tse phahameng ka har'a marang-rang a reriloeng ka hloko o fana ka mokhoa o atlehang oa ho arohana ho feta mefuta e mengata ea maqhubu.
3. Ho bea karolo ka hloko:Ho beha likarolo ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho fokotsa lerata. Qala ka ho beha likarolo tse phahameng tsa maqhubu, joalo ka li-oscillator le lijenereithara tsa oache, haufi le phepelo ea motlakase ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Likarolo tsena li hlaseloa habonolo ke lerata, 'me ho li beha haufi le phepelo ea motlakase ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho kopanya lerata. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, boloka likarolo tse hlokolosi hole le likarolo tse lerata, mesaletsa ea matla a holimo, kapa mehloli e meng e ka bang teng ea tšitiso.
4. Mehaho ea lera stacking:Tlhophiso e nepahetseng ea layer stacking e bohlokoa ho fokotsa lerata le litaba tsa phetiso ea matla. Nahana ka ho eketsa matla a inehetseng le lifofane tsa fatše pakeng tsa likarolo tsa matšoao ho ntlafatsa botšepehi ba matšoao le ho fokotsa crosstalk. Ho feta moo, ho arola mesaletsa ea maqhubu a phahameng ho tloha ho mats'oao a mats'oao ka ho a beha likarolong tse fapaneng ho thusa ho thibela ho kopana ha lerata. Ha u khetha tlhophiso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea li-stack-up, ho molemo ho sebetsa le moqapi oa PCB ea nang le boiphihlelo.
5. Moralo o laoloang oa impedance:Ho se lumellane ho ka hlahisa lipontšo le ho theola tšebetso. Phetisong ea matšoao a bobebe, ho laola impedance ho ba bohlokoa. Etsa bonnete ba hore mesaletsa ea matšoao e na le bophara bo nepahetseng, sebaka, le botenya ba koporo ho fihlela sephetho se hlokahalang. Ka ho boloka impedance e laoloang ho pholletsa le potoloho, o ka fokotsa ho sotha ha matšoao le ho ntlafatsa botšepehi ba data.
6. Tšireletso e sebetsang ea EMI/EMC:Ho kena-kenana le electromagnetic interference (EMI) le electromagnetic comppatibility (EMC) ho ka ama ts'ebetso ea potoloho haholo. Sebelisa likhoele tse koaletsoeng ho sireletsa likarolo tse hlokolosi kapa ho sebelisa makotikoti a sirelelitsoeng a tšepe ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa EMI. Ho feta moo, sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho theola fatše joalo ka ho theola linaleli kapa ho sebelisa sefofane sa fatše ho fokotsa lerata le ho feta.
7. Teko le tlhahlobo e felletseng:Kamora hore boto ea potoloho e etsoe, tlhahlobo e felletseng e etsoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea eona. Sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang li-oscilloscopes, li-spectrum analyzers, le software ea botšepehi ba matšoao ho hlahloba boleng ba matšoao, botsitso ba matla le maemo a lerata. Hlalosa libaka leha e le life tse amehang 'me u lokise moralo oa hau ka nepo. Ka tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo e pheta-phetoang, o ka fihlela botsitso bo nepahetseng le ts'ebetso ea lerata.
Ka ho latela litataiso tsena, o ka sebetsana ka katleho le botsitso ba matla le litaba tsa lerata ho liboto tsa potoloho tsa mekato e 12, haholo-holo phetisong ea matšoao a bobebe le lits'ebetso tse phahameng haholo. Hopola hore ho rera ka hloko, kabo e nepahetseng ea matla, ho ntlafatsoa ka mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng, ho beha likarolo tse bohlale, le lintlha tsa ho bokellana li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore potoloho e sebetsa hantle. Ka hona, tsetela nako le boiteko libakeng tsena ho theha moralo o matla le o tšepahalang oa PCB.
Nako ea poso: Oct-04-2023
Morao
