The Ultimate Guide to PCB Prototyping Ho Sebelisa Real-Nako Control Systems

Selelekela:

Prototyping printed circuit boards (PCBs) ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho laola nako ea sebele e ka ba mosebetsi o boima le o boima. Leha ho le joalo, ka lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, tsebo le mekhoa e nepahetseng, ts'ebetso e ka phethoa ka katleho.Tataisong ena e felletseng, re tla u tsamaisa mehatong ea mantlha le mekhoa e metle ea ho etsa li-PCB tsa prototyping u sebelisa litsamaiso tsa taolo ea nako ea nnete.Hore na o moenjiniere ea hloahloa kapa setsebi sa ho itlosa bolutu ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, blog ena e tla u fa leseli le hlokahalang ho fetola mehopolo ea hau ea PCB hore e be nnete.

1. Utloisisa moralo oa mohlala oa PCB:

Pele o kenella lefatšeng la litsamaiso tsa taolo ea nako ea nnete, ho bohlokoa ho tseba metheo ea prototyping ea PCB. Li-PCB ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa elektroniki, tse fanang ka setsi sa likhokahano le lipotoloho. Ho prototype PCBs ka katleho, o hloka ho utloisisa ts'ebetso ea moralo, likarolo tsa PCB, likarolo, le mekhoa ea tlhahiso. Tsebo ena e tla theha motheo oa ho kopanya litsamaiso tsa taolo ea nako ea nnete ho li-PCB.

2. Khetha lisebelisoa le likarolo tse nepahetseng:

Ho etsa mohlala oa PCB o sebelisa sistimi ea taolo ea nako ea nnete, o tlameha ho khetha lisebelisoa le likarolo tse nepahetseng. Taba ea pele, o hloka software e tšepahalang ea moralo oa PCB e fanang ka bokhoni ba papiso ea nako ea nnete. Likhetho tse ling tse tsebahalang tsa software li kenyelletsa Eagle, Altium, le KiCad. E latelang, khetha microcontroller kapa processor e lumellanang le litlhoko tsa projeke ea hau. Likhetho tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa liboto tsa Arduino, Raspberry Pi le FPGA.

3. Etsa moralo oa PCB:

Sebopeho sa PCB se bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho kopanyeng ka katleho litsamaiso tsa taolo ea nako ea nnete. Netefatsa hore likarolo li behiloe maemong a matle ho fokotsa tšitiso ea matšoao le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Nahana ka lintlha tse kang bolelele ba trace, matla le lifofane tsa fatše, le ho senyeha ha mocheso. Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa EDA (Electronic Design Automation) ho thusa ka mokhoa oa ho hlophisa le ho matlafatsa melao ea moralo e fanoeng ke moetsi ho qoba mathata a tloaelehileng a tlhahiso.

4. E kopantsoe le tsamaiso ea nako ea sebele :

Sistimi ea taolo ea nako ea nnete e ka beha leihlo le ho laola lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ka nepo. Ho kopanya sistimi e joalo ho moralo oa PCB, o hloka ho utloisisa likhokahano tse fapaneng tsa puisano joalo ka SPI, I2C, UART, le CAN. Likhokahano tsena li thusa ho sebelisana ka mokhoa o se nang moeli le li-sensor, li-actuator le lisebelisoa tse ling. Hape, utloisisa lipuo tsa mananeo tse kang C/C++ le Python kaha hangata li sebelisoa ho ngola firmware e sebetsang ho li-microcontroller.

5. Ho etsa liteko le ho pheta-pheta :

Hang ha prototype e se e lokile, ho bohlokoa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea eona ka botlalo. Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho lokisa liphoso le software ho netefatsa hore litsamaiso tsa taolo ea nako ea nnete li sebetsa kamoo ho lebelletsoeng. Lekola maemo a fapaneng ho netefatsa ho baloa ha sensor le ho netefatsa taolo e nepahetseng ea actuator. Haeba ho hlaha mathata, sekaseka bothata 'me u tsoele pele ho pheta-pheta ho fihlela u fihlela tšebetso eo u e batlang.

Qetello :

Li-PCB tsa Prototyping tse nang le sistimi ea taolo ea nako ea nnete li bula menyetla e sa feleng ea ho theha lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa elektroniki. Ka ho latela mekhoa e hlophisitsoeng, ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, le ho lula u ithuta le ho pheta-pheta, u ka fetola mehopolo ea hau hore e be li-prototype tse sebetsang ka botlalo. Amohela phephetso, e-ba le mamello, 'me u natefeloe ke mokhoa oa ho fetola moralo oa hau oa PCB hore e be oa nnete.