SMT solder bridging ke phephetso e tloaelehileng eo baetsi ba lisebelisoa tsa elektronike ba tobaneng le eona nakong ea kopano. Ketsahalo ena e etsahala ha solder e kopanya ka mokhoa o sa tsebeng likarolo tse peli tse haufi kapa libaka tse tsamaisang, ho fella ka potoloho e khutšoanyane kapa ts'ebetso e sekiselitsoeng.Sengoliloeng sena, re tla batlisisa ka botebo bo rarahaneng ba marokho a solder a SMT, ho kenyelletsa le lisosa tsa ona, mehato ea thibelo, le tharollo e sebetsang.
1.SMT PCB Solder Bridging ke eng:
SMT solder bridging eo hape e tsejoang e le "solder short" kapa "solder bridge,"e etsahala nakong ea kopano ea likaroloana tsa thekenoloji ea holim'a metsi (SMT) holim'a boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng (PCB). Ho SMT, likarolo li behiloe ka kotloloho sebakeng sa PCB, 'me solder paste e sebelisoa ho theha likhokahano tsa motlakase le tsa mochini lipakeng tsa karolo le PCB. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea solder, pente ea solder e sebelisoa ho li-pads tsa PCB le li-lead tsa likarolo tsa SMT. Ka nako eo PCB e futhumatsoa, e etsa hore pente ea solder e qhibilihe ebe e phalla, e theha maqhama pakeng tsa motsoako le PCB.
2.Mabaka a SMT PCB Solder Bridging:
SMT solder bridging e etsahala ha khokahanyo e sa lebelloang e thehoa pakeng tsa li-pads tse haufi kapa li-lead ho boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng (PCB) nakong ea kopano. Ketsahalo ena e ka lebisa ho lipotoloho tse khutšoane, likhokahano tse fosahetseng le ho hloleha ho akaretsang ha lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.
Marokho a solder a SMT a ka hlaha ka mabaka a fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le molumo o sa lekaneng oa peista ea solder, moralo o fosahetseng kapa o sa nepahalang oa stencil, phallo e sa lekaneng ea motsoako oa solder, tšilafalo ea PCB, le masala a mangata a flux.Palo e sa lekaneng ea peista ea solder ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tsa marokho a solder. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea khatiso ea stencil, peista ea solder e sebelisoa ho li-pads tsa PCB le likarolo tsa likarolo. Haeba u sa sebelise peista e lekaneng ea solder, u ka qetella u e-na le bophahamo bo tlaase, e leng se bolelang hore ho ke ke ha e-ba le sebaka se lekaneng bakeng sa pente ea solder ho hokahanya karolo hantle le pad. Sena se ka lebisa ho arohaneng ha likarolo tse sa lokelang le ho thehoa ha marokho a solder pakeng tsa likarolo tse haufi. Moralo o fosahetseng oa li-stencil kapa ho se tsamaisane hantle le hona ho ka baka borokho ba solder.
Li-stencil tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o fosahetseng li ka etsa hore ho be le pente e sa lekaneng ea solder nakong ea kopo ea solder peste. Sena se bolela hore ho ka ba le pente e ngata haholo ea solder libakeng tse ling mme e nyane haholo libakeng tse ling.Ho se leka-lekane ha solder peista deposition ka etsa hore solder borokho pakeng tsa likarolo tse haufi kapa conductive libakeng tse ho PCB. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, haeba stencil e sa tsamaisane hantle nakong ea kopo ea solder paste, e ka etsa hore li-deposit tsa solder li senyehe 'me li thehe marokho a solder.
Ho haella ha motsoako oa solder ke sesosa se seng sa borokho ba solder. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya, PCB e nang le peista ea solder e futhumetse ho mocheso o itseng e le hore peista ea solder e qhibilihe ebe e phalla ho theha manonyeletso a solder.Haeba boemo ba mocheso kapa li-setting tsa reflow li sa behoa ka nepo, solder paste e ka 'na ea se ke ea qhibiliha ka ho feletseng kapa ea phalla hantle. Sena se ka fella ka ho qhibiliha ho sa fellang le karohano e sa lekaneng lipakeng tsa li-pads kapa li-load tse haufi, e leng se etsang hore ho be le borokho ba solder.
Tšilafalo ea PCB ke sesosa se tloaelehileng sa ho koala borokho. Pele ho ts'ebetso ea soldering, litšila tse kang lerōle, mongobo, oli, kapa masala a flux a ka ba teng holim'a PCB.Lintho tsena tse silafatsang li ka kena-kenana le ho kolobisa hantle le ho phalla ha solder, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo hore solder e thehe maqhama a sa ikemisetsa pakeng tsa li-pads tse haufi kapa li-lead.
Masala a mangata a mangata a ka boela a etsa hore marokho a solder a thehoe. Flux ke k'hemik'hale e sebelisetsoang ho tlosa li-oxide ho tloha holim'a tšepe le ho khothalletsa ho koloba ha solder nakong ea soldering.Leha ho le joalo, haeba phallo e sa hloekisoe ka ho lekaneng ka mor'a ho soasoa, e ka 'na ea siea masala. Mesaletsa ena ka sebetsa e le seaplane conductive, lumella solder ho etsa dikgokelo e sa lebelloang le marokho a solder pakeng tsa mekato e haufi kapa etella ho PCB.
3. Mehato ea thibelo bakeng sa marokho a solder a SMT PCB:
A. Ntlafatsa moralo le ho tsamaisana ha li-stencil: E 'ngoe ea lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa ho thibela marokho a solder ke ho ntlafatsa moralo oa li-stencil le ho etsa bonnete ba ho lumellana hantle nakong ea kopo ea solder paste.Sena se kenyelletsa ho fokotsa boholo ba lesoba ho laola palo ea peista ea solder e kentsoeng ho li-pads tsa PCB. Mekhabiso e menyenyane ea pore e thusa ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho ata ha solder pente le ho baka borokho. Ho feta moo, ho pota-pota mathōko a masoba a li-stencil ho ka khothalletsa ho lokolloa ha solder paste le ho fokotsa mokhoa oa ho kopanya pakeng tsa li-pads tse haufi. Ho kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa e thibelang borokho, joalo ka ho kenyelletsa marokho a manyane kapa likheo moralong oa li-stencil, le hona ho ka thusa ho thibela borokho ba solder. Likarolo tsena tsa thibelo ea borokho li theha mokoallo oa 'mele o thibelang ho phalla ha solder pakeng tsa li-pads tse haufi, kahoo ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho thehoa ha borokho ba solder. Ho tsamaisana ho nepahetseng ha template nakong ea ho peista ho bohlokoa ho boloka sebaka se hlokahalang lipakeng tsa likarolo. Ho se lumellane ho fella ka hore ho be le pente e sa lekaneng ea solder, e leng ho eketsang kotsi ea marokho a solder. Ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho tsamaisana joalo ka mokhoa oa pono kapa ho tsamaisana le laser ho ka netefatsa ho beoa ka nepo ha listense le ho fokotsa ho hlaha ha borokho ba solder.
B. Laola palo ea peista ea solder: Ho laola palo ea solder paste ke ea bohlokoa ho thibela ho behoa ho feteletseng, ho ka lebisang ho solder bridging.Lintlha tse 'maloa li lokela ho nahanoa ha ho khethoa palo e nepahetseng ea peista ea solder. Tsena li kenyelletsa molumo oa motsoako, botenya ba stencil, le boholo ba pad. Karohano ea likarolo e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fumana palo e lekaneng ea peista ea solder e hlokahalang. Ha likarolo li ntse li atamelane, ho hlokahala hore ho be le peista e fokolang ea solder ho qoba borokho. Botenya ba stencil bo boetse bo ama palo ea peista ea solder e kentsoeng. Li-stencil tse teteaneng li atisa ho beha pente e ngata ea solder, ha li-stencil tse tšesaane li atisa ho beha pente e nyenyane ea solder. Ho fetola botenya ba stencil ho latela litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa kopano ea PCB ho ka thusa ho laola palo ea peista ea solder e sebelisoang. Boholo ba liphaephe ho PCB le tsona li lokela ho nahanoa ha ho khethoa palo e nepahetseng ea peista ea solder. Li-pads tse kholo li ka hloka molumo o eketsehileng oa solder peista, ha liphahlo tse nyane li ka hloka molumo o fokolang oa peista ea solder. Ho hlahlobisisa mefuta ena ka nepo le ho fetola molumo oa solder paste ho latela ho ka thusa ho thibela ho beoa ha solder ka mokhoa o feteletseng le ho fokotsa kotsi ea borokho ba solder.
C. Etsa bonnete ba hore phepelo e nepahetseng ea motsoako oa solder: Ho finyella ho tsosolosoa ha motsoako oa solder ho bohlokoa ho thibela marokho a solder.Sena se kenyelletsa ho kenya ts'ebetsong litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa mocheso, linako tsa bolulo, le litlhophiso tsa ho phalla hape nakong ea ts'ebetso ea soldering. Boemo ba mocheso bo bolela lipotoloho tsa ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa tseo PCB e fetang ho tsona nakong ea ho phalla hape. Boemo ba mocheso bo khothalelitsoeng bakeng sa pente e khethehileng ea solder e sebelisitsoeng e tlameha ho lateloa. Sena se tiisa ho qhibiliha ka ho feletseng le ho phalla ha solder peista, ho lumella ho koloba ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa likarolo tsa likarolo le li-pads tsa PCB ha ho ntse ho thibela ho phalla ho sa lekaneng kapa ho sa phethoeng. Nako ea ho lula, e bolelang nako eo PCB e pepesehang mocheso o phahameng oa phallo, le eona e lokela ho nahanoa ka hloko. Nako e lekaneng ea bolulo e lumella solder peista hore e qhibilihe ka ho feletseng 'me e thehe metsoako e hlokahalang ea intermetallic, kahoo e ntlafatsa boleng ba motsoako oa solder. Nako e sa lekaneng ea ho lula e baka ho qhibiliha ho sa lekaneng, ho fellang ka manonyeletso a sa phethoang a solder le kotsi e eketsehileng ea marokho a solder. Litlhophiso tsa ho phalla hape, joalo ka lebelo la conveyor le mocheso o phahameng, li lokela ho ntlafatsoa ho netefatsa ho qhibiliha ka ho felletseng le ho tiisa sekontiri sa solder. Ho bohlokoa ho laola lebelo la conveyor ho fihlela phetisetso e lekaneng ea mocheso le nako e lekaneng ea hore pente ea solder e phalle le ho tiisa. Thempereichara ea tlhōrō e lokela ho behoa boemong bo nepahetseng bakeng sa pente e khethehileng ea solder, ho etsa bonnete ba hore e phalla ka ho feletseng ntle le ho etsa hore ho be le solder e feteletseng kapa bridging.
D. Laola bohloeki ba PCB: Tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea bohloeki ba PCB e bohlokoa ho thibela borokho ba solder.Tšilafalo holim'a PCB e ka kena-kenana le solder wetting le ho eketsa monyetla oa ho thehoa ha borokho ba solder. Ho tlosa litšila pele ho ts'ebetso ea welding ho bohlokoa. Ho hloekisa li-PCB ka botlalo ho sebelisa lisebelisoa le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho hloekisa ho tla thusa ho tlosa lerōle, mongobo, oli le litšila tse ling. Sena se etsa bonnete ba hore peista ea solder hantle e kolobisa liphahlo tsa PCB le likarolo tsa likarolo, ho fokotsa monyetla oa marokho a solder. Ho feta moo, ho boloka le ho tšoara li-PCB ka nepo, hammoho le ho fokotsa ho kopana le batho, ho ka thusa ho fokotsa tšilafalo le ho boloka tšebetso eohle ea kopano e hloekile.
E. Tlhahlobo ea Post-Soldering le Mosebetsi o Mocha: Ho etsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea pono le automated Optical Inspection (AOI) ka mor'a ts'ebetso ea soldering ke habohlokoa ho khetholla mathata leha e le afe a ho koala li-solder.Ho lemoha ka potlako marokho a solder ho lumella ho sebetsa hape ka nako le ho lokisoa ho lokisa bothata pele ho baka mathata kapa ho hlōleha ho eketsehileng. Tlhahlobo ea pono e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea li-solder ho fumana matšoao leha e le afe a borokho ba solder. Lisebelisoa tse holisang, joalo ka microscope kapa loupe, li ka thusa ho tseba hantle boteng ba borokho ba meno. Sistimi ea AOI e sebelisa theknoloji ea tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho setšoantšo ho bona le ho tseba liphoso tsa borokho ba solder. Litsamaiso tsena li ka hlahloba li-PCB ka potlako 'me tsa fana ka tlhahlobo e qaqileng ea boleng bo kopanetsoeng ba solder, ho kenyelletsa le boteng ba borokho. Lisebelisoa tsa AOI li bohlokoa haholo ho bona marokho a solder a manyane, ao ho leng thata ho a fumana, a ka fosoang nakong ea tlhahlobo ea pono. Hang ha borokho ba solder bo fumanoa, bo lokela ho tsosolosoa le ho lokisoa hang-hang. Sena se kenyelletsa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho tlosa solder e feteletseng le ho arola likhokahano tsa borokho. Ho nka mehato e hlokahalang ho lokisa marokho a solder ke habohlokoa ho thibela mathata a eketsehileng le ho netefatsa ho tšepahala ha sehlahisoa se felileng.
4. Litharollo tse Sebetsang bakeng sa SMT PCB Solder Bridging:
A. Manual desoldering: Bakeng sa marokho a manyenyane a solder, ho tlosoa ha solder ka letsoho ke tharollo e sebetsang, ho sebelisa tšepe e entsoeng ka letsoho e ntle ka tlas'a khalase e hōlisang ho fihlella le ho tlosa borokho ba solder.Theknoloji ena e hloka ho tšoaroa ka hloko ho qoba tšenyo ea likarolo tse potolohileng kapa libaka tsa conductive. Ho tlosa marokho a solder, futhumatsa ntlha ea tšepe ea tšepe 'me ue sebelise ka hloko ho solder e feteletseng, e qhibilihe ebe u e tlosa tseleng. Ke habohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore ntlha ea tšepe ea soldering ha e kopane le likarolo tse ling kapa libaka ho qoba ho baka tšenyo. Mokhoa ona o sebetsa ka ho fetisisa moo borokho ba solder bo bonahalang le ho fihlella, 'me tlhokomelo e tlameha ho nkoa ho etsa metsamao e nepahetseng le e laoloang.
B. Sebelisa tšepe ea solder le terata ea solder bakeng sa ho tsosolosa: Ho tsosolosa ho sebelisa tšepe ea solder le terata ea solder (eo hape e tsejoang e le desoldering braid) ke tharollo e 'ngoe e sebetsang ea ho tlosa marokho a solder.Khoele ea solder e entsoe ka terata e tšesaane ea koporo e koahetsoeng ka flux ho thusa ts'ebetsong ea ho senya. Ho sebelisa mokhoa ona, mohala oa solder o behoa holim'a solder e feteletseng 'me mocheso oa tšepe ea tšepe o sebelisoa ho lesela la solder. Mocheso o qhibilihisa solder 'me khoele e monya solder e qhibilihisitsoeng, kahoo ea e tlosa. Mokhoa ona o hloka tsebo le ho nepahala ho qoba ho senya likarolo tse bobebe, 'me motho o tlameha ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le tšireletso e lekaneng ea solder borokhong ba solder. Ts'ebetso ena e ka 'na ea hloka ho phetoa ka makhetlo a' maloa ho tlosa solder ka ho feletseng.
C. Ho lemoha le ho tlosoa ha borokho ba solder: Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho hlahloba e nang le theknoloji ea ho bona mochine e ka tseba ka potlako marokho a solder le ho nolofatsa ho tlosoa ha 'ona ka ho futhumatsa laser ea sebakeng seo kapa theknoloji ea sefofane sa sefofane.Litharollo tsena tse ikemetseng li fana ka ho nepahala le ho sebetsa hantle haholo ho lemoha le ho tlosa marokho a solder. Sistimi ea pono ea mochini e sebelisa lik'hamera le li-algorithms tsa ts'ebetso ea litšoantšo ho sekaseka boleng ba kopanelo ea solder le ho bona liphapang leha e le life, ho kenyelletsa le marokho a solder. Ha e se e tsejoa, sistimi e ka qala mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kenella. Mokhoa o mong o joalo ke ho futhumatsa laser sebakeng, moo laser e sebelisetsoang ho futhumatsa le ho qhibilihisa borokho ba solder e le hore bo ka tlosoa habonolo. Mokhoa o mong o kenyelletsa ho sebelisa jete ea moea e koalehileng e sebelisang moea o laoloang ho fefola solder e feteletseng ntle le ho ama likarolo tse potolohileng. Sistimi ena ea othomathike e boloka nako le boiteko ha e ntse e netefatsa liphetho tse tsitsitseng le tse tšepahalang.
D. Sebelisa selective wave soldering: Selection wave soldering ke mokhoa o thibelang ho fokotsa kotsi ea marokho a solder nakong ea ho soasoa.Ho fapana le setso solder solder, e qoelisa PCB kaofela ka leqhubu la ho qhibiliha solder, khethang ho tsona leqhubu soldering sebetsa feela ho qhibilihisoa solder libakeng tse itseng, bypassing habonolo bridging likarolo kapa conductive libaka. Theknoloji ena e finyelloa ka ho sebelisa nozzle e laoloang ka nepo kapa leqhubu la welding le shebisang sebaka se lakatsehang. Ka ho khetha ho sebelisa solder, kotsi ea ho ata ka mokhoa o feteletseng oa solder le borokho e ka fokotseha haholo. Selection wave soldering e sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho li-PCB tse nang le meralo e rarahaneng kapa likarolo tse phahameng haholo moo kotsi ea borokho ba solder e leng holimo. E fana ka taolo e kholo le ho nepahala nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding, ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho etsa marokho a solder.
Ka kakaretso, SMT solder bridging ke phephetso e kholo e ka amang ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le boleng ba sehlahisoa tlhahisong ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho utloisisa lisosa le ho nka mehato ea thibelo, bahlahisi ba ka fokotsa haholo ketsahalo ea borokho ba solder. Ho ntlafatsa moralo oa li-stencil ho bohlokoa kaha ho netefatsa ho beoa ha solder peiste e nepahetseng le ho fokotsa monyetla oa hore ho be le pente e feteletseng e bakang borokho. Ho feta moo, ho laola molumo oa solder paste le liparamente tsa reflow joalo ka mocheso le nako ho ka thusa ho fihlela sebopeho se kopaneng sa solder le ho thibela borokho. Ho boloka sebaka sa PCB se hloekile ke habohlokoa ho thibela borokho ba solder, kahoo ke habohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba ho hloekisa le ho tlosoa ha litšila leha e le life kapa masalla ho tloha boto. Mekhoa ea ho hlahloba ka mor'a weld, e kang ho hlahloba pono kapa mekhoa e ikemetseng, e ka lemoha boteng ba marokho leha e le afe a solder le ho thusa ho sebetsa hape ka nako ho rarolla mathata ana. Ka ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato ena ea thibelo le ho hlahisa litharollo tse sebetsang hantle, baetsi ba lisebelisoa tsa elektronike ba ka fokotsa kotsi ea SMT solder bridging le ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse tšepahalang, tsa boleng bo phahameng. Sistimi e matla ea taolo ea boleng le boiteko bo tsoelang pele ba ntlafatso le tsona li bohlokoa ho beha leihlo le ho rarolla mathata afe kapa afe a phetoang khafetsa a borokho ba solder. Ka ho nka mehato e nepahetseng, bahlahisi ba ka eketsa katleho ea tlhahiso, ba fokotsa litšenyehelo tse amanang le ho sebetsa bocha le ho lokisa, 'me qetellong ba fane ka lihlahisoa tse finyellang kapa tse fetang tebello ea bareki.
Nako ea poso: Sep-11-2023
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